* Contains shortcode + some improvements over the Core Embeds syntax (see http://codex.wordpress.org/Embeds )
* [youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVbQ-oro7FQ]
* [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wq0rXGLs0YM&fs=1&hl=bg_BG&autohide=1&rel=0]
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2Ncxw1xfck&w=320&h=240&fmt=1&rel=0&showsearch=1&hd=0
* http://www.youtube.com/v/9FhMMmqzbD8?fs=1&hl=en_US
* https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLP7HaNDU4Cifov7C2fQM8Ij6Ew_uPHEXW
* @package automattic/jetpack
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
* Replaces YouTube embeds with YouTube shortcodes.
* Covers the following formats:
* <object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/bZBHZT3a-FA&hl=en&fs=1"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/bZBHZT3a-FA&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>
* around 2008-06-06 youtube changed their old embed code to this:
* <object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/M1D30gS7Z8U&hl=en"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/M1D30gS7Z8U&hl=en" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>
* <object width="425" height="344"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/dGY28Qbj76A&rel=0"></param><param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/dGY28Qbj76A&rel=0" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent" width="425" height="344"></embed></object>
* <object width="640" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/3H8bnKdf654?fs=1&hl=en_GB"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/3H8bnKdf654?fs=1&hl=en_GB" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"></embed></object>
* <iframe title="YouTube video player" class="youtube-player" width="640" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Qq9El3ki0_g" frameborder="0" allowFullScreen></iframe>
* <iframe class="youtube-player" width="640" height="385" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/VIDEO_ID" frameborder="0"></iframe>
* @param string $content HTML content.
* @return string The content with YouTube embeds replaced with YouTube shortcodes.
function jetpack_youtube_embed_to_short_code( $content ) {
if ( ! is_string( $content ) || ! str_contains( $content, 'youtube.com' ) ) {
$regexp = '!<object(.*?)>.*?<param\s+name=[\'"]movie[\'"]\s+value=[\'"](https?:)?//www\.youtube\.com/v/([^\'"]+)[\'"].*?>.*?</object>!i';
$regexp_ent = htmlspecialchars( $regexp, ENT_NOQUOTES );
$old_regexp = '!<embed(?:\s+\w+="[^"]*")*\s+src="https?(?:\:|�*58;)//www\.youtube\.com/v/([^"]+)"(?:\s+\w+="[^"]*")*\s*(?:/>|>\s*</embed>)!';
$old_regexp_ent = str_replace( '&#0*58;', '&#0*58;|�*58;', htmlspecialchars( $old_regexp, ENT_NOQUOTES ) );
$ifr_regexp = '!<iframe((?:\s+\w+="[^"]*")*?)\s+src="(https?:)?//(?:www\.)*youtube.com/embed/([^"]+)".*?</iframe>!i';
$ifr_regexp_ent = str_replace( '&#0*58;', '&#0*58;|�*58;', htmlspecialchars( $ifr_regexp, ENT_NOQUOTES ) );
foreach ( compact( 'regexp', 'regexp_ent', 'old_regexp', 'old_regexp_ent', 'ifr_regexp', 'ifr_regexp_ent' ) as $reg => $regexp ) {
if ( ! preg_match_all( $regexp, $content, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER ) ) {
foreach ( $matches as $match ) {
* Hack, but '?' should only ever appear once, and
* it should be for the 1st field-value pair in query string,
* YouTube changed their embed code.
* Example of how it is now:
* <object width="640" height="385"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/aP9AaD4tgBY?fs=1&hl=en_US"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"></param><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/aP9AaD4tgBY?fs=1&hl=en_US" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="640" height="385"></embed></object>
* As shown at the start of function, previous YouTube didn't '?'
* the 1st field-value pair.
if ( in_array( $reg, array( 'ifr_regexp', 'ifr_regexp_ent', 'regexp', 'regexp_ent' ), true ) ) {
if ( in_array( $reg, array( 'ifr_regexp_ent', 'regexp_ent' ), true ) ) {
$params = html_entity_decode( $params, ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML401 );
$params = wp_kses_hair( $params, array( 'http' ) );
$width = isset( $params['width'] ) ? (int) $params['width']['value'] : 0;
$height = isset( $params['height'] ) ? (int) $params['height']['value'] : 0;
if ( $width && $height ) {
$wh = "&w=$width&h=$height";
$url = esc_url_raw( "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={$match[3]}{$wh}" );
$match[1] = str_replace( '?', '&', $match[1] );
$url = esc_url_raw( 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=' . html_entity_decode( $match[1], ENT_QUOTES | ENT_SUBSTITUTE | ENT_HTML401 ) );
$content = str_replace( $match[0], "[youtube $url]", $content );
* Fires before the YouTube embed is transformed into a shortcode.
* @param string youtube Shortcode name.
* @param string $url YouTube video URL.
do_action( 'jetpack_embed_to_shortcode', 'youtube', $url );
if ( jetpack_shortcodes_should_hook_pre_kses() ) {
add_filter( 'pre_kses', 'jetpack_youtube_embed_to_short_code' );
* Replaces plain-text links to YouTube videos with YouTube embeds.
* @param string $content HTML content.
* @return string The content with embeds instead of URLs
function jetpack_youtube_link( $content ) {
return jetpack_preg_replace_callback_outside_tags( '!(?:\n|\A)https?://(?:www\.)?(?:youtube.com/(?:v/|playlist|watch[/\#?])|youtu\.be/)[^\s]+?(?:\n|\Z)!i', 'jetpack_youtube_link_callback', $content, 'youtube.com/' );
* Callback function for the regex that replaces YouTube URLs with
* @param array $matches An array containing a YouTube URL.
function jetpack_youtube_link_callback( $matches ) {
return "\n" . jetpack_youtube_id( $matches[0] ) . "\n";
* Normalizes a YouTube URL to include a v= parameter and a query string free of encoded ampersands.
* @param string|array $url Youtube URL.
* @return string|false The normalized URL or false if input is invalid.
if ( ! function_exists( 'jetpack_youtube_sanitize_url' ) ) :
* Clean up Youtube URL to match a single format.
* @param string|array $url Youtube URL.
function jetpack_youtube_sanitize_url( $url ) {
if ( is_array( $url ) && isset( $url['url'] ) ) {
if ( ! is_string( $url ) ) {
$url = trim( $url, ' "' );
$url = str_replace( array( 'youtu.be/', '/v/', '#!v=', '&', '&', 'playlist' ), array( 'youtu.be/?v=', '/?v=', '?v=', '&', '&', 'videoseries' ), $url );
// Replace any extra question marks with ampersands - the result of a URL like "https://www.youtube.com/v/dQw4w9WgXcQ?fs=1&hl=en_US" being passed in.
$query_string_start = strpos( $url, '?' );
if ( false !== $query_string_start ) {
$url = substr( $url, 0, $query_string_start + 1 ) . str_replace( '?', '&', substr( $url, $query_string_start + 1 ) );
* Converts a YouTube URL into an embedded YouTube video.
* http://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL94269DA08231042B&hl=en_US
* http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=H2Ncxw1xfck
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2Ncxw1xfck
* http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2Ncxw1xfck&w=320&h=240&fmt=1&rel=0&showsearch=1&hd=0
* http://www.youtube.com/v/jF-kELmmvgA
* http://www.youtube.com/v/9FhMMmqzbD8?fs=1&hl=en_US
* http://youtu.be/Rrohlqeir5E
* https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJNxoe-iSb4&list=PLAVZ4NFtZX0fE54mDSqNKym-o_rz-8xmk
* @param string $url Youtube URL.
function jetpack_youtube_id( $url ) {
$id = jetpack_get_youtube_id( $url );
return sprintf( '<!--%s-->', esc_html__( 'YouTube Error: bad URL entered', 'jetpack' ) );
$url = jetpack_youtube_sanitize_url( $url );
$url = wp_parse_url( $url );
$thumbnail = "https://i.ytimg.com/vi/$id/hqdefault.jpg";
$video_url = add_query_arg( 'v', $id, 'https://www.youtube.com/watch' );
$args = jetpack_shortcode_youtube_args( $url );
return sprintf( '<!--%s-->', esc_html__( 'YouTube Error: empty URL args', 'jetpack' ) );
// Account for URL having both v and list, where jetpack_get_youtube_id() only accounts for one or the other.
if ( isset( $args['list'] ) && $args['list'] === $id ) {
if ( isset( $args['v'] ) ) {
if ( ! $id && empty( $args['list'] ) ) {
return sprintf( '<!--%s-->', esc_html__( 'YouTube Error: missing id and/or list', 'jetpack' ) );
list( $w, $h ) = jetpack_shortcode_youtube_dimensions( $args );
'rel' => ( isset( $args['rel'] ) && '0' === $args['rel'] ) ? 0 : 1,
'showsearch' => ( isset( $args['showsearch'] ) && '1' === $args['showsearch'] ) ? 1 : 0, // Now deprecated. See https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#march-29,-2012.
'showinfo' => ( isset( $args['showinfo'] ) && '0' === $args['showinfo'] ) ? 0 : 1, // Now obsolete. See https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#showinfo.
'iv_load_policy' => ( isset( $args['iv_load_policy'] ) && '3' === $args['iv_load_policy'] ) ? 3 : 1,
'hl' => str_replace( '_', '-', get_locale() ),
if ( isset( $args['fmt'] ) && (int) $args['fmt'] ) {
$params['fmt'] = (int) $args['fmt']; // Apparently an obsolete parameter. Not referenced on https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters.
// The autohide parameter has been deprecated since 2015. See https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#august-19,-2015.
if ( ! isset( $args['autohide'] ) || ( $args['autohide'] < 0 || 2 < $args['autohide'] ) ) {
$params['autohide'] = (int) $args['autohide'];
if ( isset( $args['start'] ) ) {
$start = (int) $args['start'];
} elseif ( isset( $args['t'] ) ) {
if ( is_numeric( $args['t'] ) ) {
$start = (int) $args['t'];
} elseif ( is_string( $args['t'] ) ) {
$time_pieces = preg_split( '/(?<=\D)(?=\d+)/', $args['t'] );
foreach ( $time_pieces as $time_piece ) {
$int = (int) $time_piece;
switch ( substr( $time_piece, - 1 ) ) {
$params['start'] = (int) $start;
if ( isset( $args['end'] ) && (int) $args['end'] ) {
$params['end'] = (int) $args['end'];
if ( isset( $args['hd'] ) && (int) $args['hd'] ) {
$params['hd'] = (int) $args['hd']; // Now obsolete per https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#march-29,-2012.
if ( isset( $args['vq'] ) && in_array( $args['vq'], array( 'hd720', 'hd1080' ), true ) ) {
$params['vq'] = $args['vq']; // Note, this appears to be obsolete. Not referenced on https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters.
if ( isset( $args['cc_load_policy'] ) ) {
$params['cc_load_policy'] = 1;
if ( isset( $args['cc_lang_pref'] ) ) {
$params['cc_lang_pref'] = preg_replace( '/[^_a-z0-9-]/i', '', $args['cc_lang_pref'] );
// The wmode parameter appears to be obsolete. Not referenced on https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters.
if ( isset( $args['wmode'] ) && in_array( strtolower( $args['wmode'] ), array( 'opaque', 'window', 'transparent' ), true ) ) {
$params['wmode'] = $args['wmode'];
$params['wmode'] = 'transparent';
// The theme parameter is obsolete per https://developers.google.com/youtube/player_parameters#august-19,-2015.
if ( isset( $args['theme'] ) && in_array( strtolower( $args['theme'] ), array( 'dark', 'light' ), true ) ) {
$params['theme'] = $args['theme'];
if ( isset( $args['list'] ) ) {
$params['listType'] = 'playlist';
$params['list'] = preg_replace( '|[^_a-z0-9-]|i', '', $args['list'] );
* Allow YouTube videos to start playing automatically.
* @param bool false Enable autoplay for YouTube videos.
if ( apply_filters( 'jetpack_youtube_allow_autoplay', false ) && isset( $args['autoplay'] ) ) {
$params['autoplay'] = (int) $args['autoplay'];
$is_amp = class_exists( 'Jetpack_AMP_Support' ) && Jetpack_AMP_Support::is_amp_request();
// Note that <amp-youtube> currently is not well suited for playlists that don't have an individual video selected, hence the $id check above.
'<a href="%1$s" placeholder><amp-img src="%2$s" alt="%3$s" layout="fill" object-fit="cover"><noscript><img src="%2$s" loading="lazy" decoding="async" alt="%3$s"></noscript></amp-img></a>',
esc_attr__( 'YouTube Poster', 'jetpack' ) // Would be preferable to provide YouTube video title, but not available in this non-oEmbed context.
$html_attributes = array();
foreach ( $params as $param_name => $param_value ) {
$html_attributes[] = sprintf(
sanitize_key( $param_name ),
'<amp-youtube data-videoid="%s" %s width="%d" height="%d" layout="responsive">%s</amp-youtube>',
implode( ' ', $html_attributes ), // Note: Escaping done above.
// In AMP, the AMP_Iframe_Sanitizer will convert into <amp-iframe> as required.
$src = 'https://www.youtube.com/embed';
$layout = $is_amp ? 'layout="responsive" ' : '';
'<iframe class="youtube-player" width="%s" height="%s" %ssrc="%s" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox"></iframe>',
// Let's do some alignment wonder in a span, unless we're producing a feed.
$alignmentcss = 'text-align:center;';
if ( isset( $args['align'] ) ) {
switch ( $args['align'] ) {
$alignmentcss = "float:left; width:{$w}px; height:{$h}px; margin-right:10px; margin-bottom: 10px;";
$alignmentcss = "float:right; width:{$w}px; height:{$h}px; margin-left:10px; margin-bottom: 10px;";
'<span class="embed-youtube" style="%s display: block;">%s</span>',
esc_attr( $alignmentcss ),
* Format output for Calypso Reader/Notifications/Comments
if ( defined( 'IS_WPCOM' ) && IS_WPCOM ) {
require_once WP_CONTENT_DIR . '/lib/display-context.php';
$context = A8C\Display_Context\get_current_context();
if ( A8C\Display_Context\NOTIFICATIONS === $context ) {
'<a href="%1$s" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="%2$s" alt="%3$s" /></a>',
esc_html__( 'YouTube video', 'jetpack' )
* Filter the YouTube video HTML output.
* @param string $html YouTube video HTML output.
$html = apply_filters( 'video_embed_html', $html );
* Gets the args present in the YouTube shortcode URL.
* @param array $url The parsed URL of the shortcode.
* @return array|false The query args of the URL, or false.
function jetpack_shortcode_youtube_args( $url ) {
if ( ! empty( $url['query'] ) ) {
wp_parse_str( $url['query'], $qargs );
if ( ! empty( $url['fragment'] ) ) {
wp_parse_str( $url['fragment'], $fargs );
return array_merge( $fargs, $qargs );
* Display the Youtube shortcode.
* @param array $atts Shortcode attributes.
* @return string The rendered shortcode.
function jetpack_youtube_shortcode( $atts ) {
$url = ( isset( $atts[0] ) ) ? ltrim( $atts[0], '=' ) : shortcode_new_to_old_params( $atts );
return jetpack_youtube_id( $url );
add_shortcode( 'youtube', 'jetpack_youtube_shortcode' );
* Gets the dimensions of the [youtube] shortcode.
* Calculates the width and height, taking $content_width into consideration.
* @param array $query_args The query args of the URL.
* @return array The width and height of the shortcode.
function jetpack_shortcode_youtube_dimensions( $query_args ) {
$input_w = ( isset( $query_args['w'] ) && (int) $query_args['w'] ) ? (int) $query_args['w'] : 0;
$input_h = ( isset( $query_args['h'] ) && (int) $query_args['h'] ) ? (int) $query_args['h'] : 0;
// If we have $content_width, use it.
if ( ! empty( $content_width ) ) {
$default_width = (int) $content_width;
// Otherwise get default width from the old, now deprecated embed_size_w option.
$default_width = (int) get_option( 'embed_size_w' );
// If we don't know those 2 values use a hardcoded width.
if ( empty( $default_width ) ) {
if ( $input_w > 0 && $input_h > 0 ) {
} elseif ( 0 === $input_w && 0 === $input_h ) {
if ( isset( $query_args['fmt'] ) && (int) $query_args['fmt'] ) {
$w = ( ! empty( $content_width ) ? min( $content_width, 480 ) : 480 );
$w = ( ! empty( $content_width ) ? min( $content_width, $default_width ) : $default_width );
$h = ceil( ( $w / 16 ) * 9 );
} elseif ( $input_w > 0 ) {
$h = ceil( ( $w / 16 ) * 9 );